Enhanced Hourly Wind Station Data for the Contiguous United States

Dataset Identification:

Resource Abstract:
U.S. Enhanced Hourly Wind Station Data is digital data set DSI-6421, archived at the National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI; formerly National Climatic Data Center, NCDC). During earlier work at NCDC, it was noted that anemometer elevations at U.S. weather stations (for which metadata related to anemometer height was available) varied widely with time. Between 1931 and 2000, there were up to 12 significant anemometer height changes at some of these stations, and on average there was one change per decade at any station with more than 10 years of record. For example, at Los Angeles International Airport, the anemometer height changed 4 times during the 60 years, varying from 59 ft to 20 ft, while at Edwards Air Force Base, the anemometer height was changed 10 times and varied from 13 ft to 75 ft. Therefore, the elevation homogenization of the near-surface wind time series is a necessary pre-requisite for any climatological assessments. This was done at NCDC, creating the DSI-6421 data set. Stations were included in DSI-6421 on a year-by-year basis, depending upon the availability of anemometer metadata and the number of observations made during a year. The earliest data was from 1931, with very few stations. The number of stations increased during World War II to about 200, decreased briefly after the war, and increased to about 350 during the period 1948-1972 because most first-order (primary) stations qualified for inclusion. After 1972, as the importance of metadata was more widely recognized, the number of qualified stations rose to near 1000 by 1985, and continued at about that number through year 2000. The formulae used were U10g = Ua log[(10-Hsnod)/z0]/log[(Ha - Hsnod)/z0], and U10s = Ua log[10/z0]/log[(Ha - Hsnod)/z0], where z0 is the surface roughness (a function of the presence of snow cover at the site); Hsnod is the snow depth; Ha is the anemometer height above the ground; Ua is the wind speed at the anemometer height; U10g is the speed at 10 m above the ground; and U10s is the speed at 10 m above the surface.
Citation
Title Enhanced Hourly Wind Station Data for the Contiguous United States
alternateTitle  Homogenized U.S. hourly wind data
publication  Date   2002
presentationForm  tableDigital
cited responsible party - publisher
organisation Name  DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI > National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce
cited responsible party - publisher
organisation Name  DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCDC > National Climatic Data Center, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce
cited responsible party - principalInvestigator
individual Name Pavel Groisman
organisation Name  DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCDC > National Climatic Data Center, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce
position Name UCAR Scientist at National Climatic Data Center (NCDC)
Topic Category:  climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere
Keywords:
Theme keywords (theme):
EARTH SCIENCE > ATMOSPHERE > ATMOSPHERIC WINDS > SURFACE WINDS > WIND SPEED/WIND DIRECTION
EARTH SCIENCE > ATMOSPHERE > ALTITUDE > STATION HEIGHT
thesaurus name >
Title Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Science and Services Keywords
revision  Date   2015-08-04
Edition Version 8.1
cited responsible party - publisher
organisation Name  NASA/GSFC/SED/ESD/GCDC/GCMD > Global Change Master Directory, Global Change Data Center, Earth Sciences Division, Science and Exploration Directorate, Goddard Space Flight Center, NASA
Contact information
Linkage for online resource
name NASA GCMD Keyword Community Page
URL: https://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/learn/keywords.html
protocol HTTPS
link function information
Description Overview of the NASA GCMD Keywords.
target application profile  Web Browser
Location keywords:
CONTINENT > NORTH AMERICA > UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
thesaurus name >
Title Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Location Keywords
revision  Date   2015-04-07
Edition Version 8.1
cited responsible party - publisher
organisation Name  NASA/GSFC/SED/ESD/GCDC/GCMD > Global Change Master Directory, Global Change Data Center, Earth Sciences Division, Science and Exploration Directorate, Goddard Space Flight Center, NASA
Contact information
Linkage for online resource
name NASA GCMD Keyword Community Page
URL: https://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/learn/keywords.html
protocol HTTPS
link function information
Description Overview of the NASA GCMD Keywords.
target application profile  Web Browser
Stratum keywords:
VERTICAL LOCATION > LAND SURFACE
thesaurus name >
Title Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Location Keywords
revision  Date   2015-04-07
Edition Version 8.1
cited responsible party - publisher
organisation Name  NASA/GSFC/SED/ESD/GCDC/GCMD > Global Change Master Directory, Global Change Data Center, Earth Sciences Division, Science and Exploration Directorate, Goddard Space Flight Center, NASA
Contact information
Linkage for online resource
name NASA GCMD Keyword Community Page
URL: https://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/learn/keywords.html
protocol HTTPS
link function information
Description Overview of the NASA GCMD Keywords.
target application profile  Web Browser
instrument Keywords
ANEMOMETERS
AWS > Automated Weather System
thesaurus name >
Title Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Instrument Keywords
revision  Date   2015-10-02
Edition Version 8.1
cited responsible party - publisher
organisation Name  NASA/GSFC/SED/ESD/GCDC/GCMD > Global Change Master Directory, Global Change Data Center, Earth Sciences Division, Science and Exploration Directorate, Goddard Space Flight Center, NASA
Contact information
Linkage for online resource
name NASA GCMD Keyword Community Page
URL: https://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/learn/keywords.html
protocol HTTPS
link function information
Description Overview of the NASA GCMD Keywords.
target application profile  Web Browser
platform Keywords
GROUND STATIONS
ASOS > Automated Surface Observing System
AWOS > Automated Weather Observing System
thesaurus name >
Title Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Platform Keywords
revision  Date   2015-09-23
Edition Version 8.1
cited responsible party - publisher
organisation Name  NASA/GSFC/SED/ESD/GCDC/GCMD > Global Change Master Directory, Global Change Data Center, Earth Sciences Division, Science and Exploration Directorate, Goddard Space Flight Center, NASA
Contact information
Linkage for online resource
name NASA GCMD Keyword Community Page
URL: https://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/learn/keywords.html
protocol HTTPS
link function information
Description Overview of the NASA GCMD Keywords.
target application profile  Web Browser
dataCenter Keywords
DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCDC > National Climatic Data Center, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce
DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI > National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce
thesaurus name >
Title Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Data Center Keywords
revision  Date   2015-10-02
Edition Version 8.1
cited responsible party - publisher
organisation Name  NASA/GSFC/SED/ESD/GCDC/GCMD > Global Change Master Directory, Global Change Data Center, Earth Sciences Division, Science and Exploration Directorate, Goddard Space Flight Center, NASA
Contact information
Linkage for online resource
name NASA GCMD Keyword Community Page
URL: https://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/learn/keywords.html
protocol HTTPS
link function information
Description Overview of the NASA GCMD Keywords.
target application profile  Web Browser
Theme keywords (theme):
Anemometer height above the ground
Theme keywords (theme):
GROUND STATION
ASOS
AWOS
thesaurus name >
Title Equipment > Platform
publication  Date   2018-12-15
other Citation Details  Cinergi keyword enhanced.File generated at Sat Dec 15 05:03:36 UTC 2018
Theme keywords (theme):
Cover
thesaurus name >
Title Realm > Geosphere
publication  Date   2018-12-15
other Citation Details  Cinergi keyword enhanced.File generated at Sat Dec 15 05:03:36 UTC 2018
Theme keywords (theme):
NOAA
DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCDC
thesaurus name >
Title Organization > GOVERNMENT AGENCIES-U.S. FEDERAL AGENCIES
publication  Date   2018-12-15
other Citation Details  Cinergi keyword enhanced.File generated at Sat Dec 15 05:03:36 UTC 2018
Theme keywords (theme):
Averaging
thesaurus name >
Title Method > information processing
publication  Date   2018-12-15
other Citation Details  Cinergi keyword enhanced.File generated at Sat Dec 15 05:03:36 UTC 2018
Theme keywords (theme):
Elevation
thesaurus name >
Title Feature > Physiographic Feature
publication  Date   2018-12-15
other Citation Details  Cinergi keyword enhanced.File generated at Sat Dec 15 05:03:36 UTC 2018
Theme keywords (theme):
Time Series
thesaurus name >
Title Resource Type > Dataset
publication  Date   2018-12-15
other Citation Details  Cinergi keyword enhanced.File generated at Sat Dec 15 05:03:36 UTC 2018
Theme keywords (theme):
Base
thesaurus name >
Title Material > Chemical
publication  Date   2018-12-15
other Citation Details  Cinergi keyword enhanced.File generated at Sat Dec 15 05:03:36 UTC 2018
Theme keywords (theme):
Observation
Automated
thesaurus name >
Title Activity > Observation
publication  Date   2018-12-15
other Citation Details  Cinergi keyword enhanced.File generated at Sat Dec 15 05:03:36 UTC 2018
Theme keywords (theme):
Climatology
thesaurus name >
Title Science Domain > Climatology
publication  Date   2018-12-15
other Citation Details  Cinergi keyword enhanced.File generated at Sat Dec 15 05:03:36 UTC 2018
Theme keywords (theme):
Availability
thesaurus name >
Title Feature > Marine Feature
publication  Date   2018-12-15
other Citation Details  Cinergi keyword enhanced.File generated at Sat Dec 15 05:03:36 UTC 2018
Theme keywords (theme):
Centered
Height
Force
Wind Speed
Speed
thesaurus name >
Title Property > Measure
publication  Date   2018-12-15
other Citation Details  Cinergi keyword enhanced.File generated at Sat Dec 15 05:03:36 UTC 2018
Theme keywords (theme):
Anemometer
thesaurus name >
Title Equipment > Instrument
publication  Date   2018-12-15
other Citation Details  Cinergi keyword enhanced.File generated at Sat Dec 15 05:03:36 UTC 2018
Theme keywords (theme):
National Centers for Environmental Information
U.S. Department of Commerce
thesaurus name >
Title Virtual International Authority File (VIAF) Corporate Names
publication  Date   2018-12-15
other Citation Details  Cinergi keyword enhanced.File generated at Sat Dec 15 05:03:36 UTC 2018
Theme keywords (theme):
Snow
thesaurus name >
Title Process > Atmospheric Process
publication  Date   2018-12-15
other Citation Details  Cinergi keyword enhanced.File generated at Sat Dec 15 05:03:36 UTC 2018
purpose:
To make a wide range of climatic data available to researchers and the public.
Resource language:  eng; USA
Resource progress code:  completed
Resource Maintenance Information
maintenance or update frequency:  notPlanned
Constraints on resource usage:
Legal Constraints
use constraint:  otherRestrictions
Other constraints
Cite this dataset when used as a source: NOAA National Climatic Data Center (2002): Enhanced Hourly Wind Station Data for the Contiguous United States, DSI-6421. [indicate subset used]. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. [access date].
Constraints on resource usage:
Legal Constraints
use constraint:  otherRestrictions
Other constraints
NCEI cannot assume liability for any damages caused by any errors or omissions in the data, nor as a result of the failure of the data to function on a particular system. NCEI makes no warranty, expressed or implied, nor does the fact of distribution constitute such a warranty. NCEI can only certify that the data it distributes are an authentic copy of the records that were accepted for inclusion in the NCEI archives.
Resource extent
Geographic Extent
Geographic Bounding Box
extent Type Code  1
westBoundLongitude  -125.0
eastBoundLongitude  -66.0
northBoundLatitude  50.0
southBoundLatitude  24.0
Temporal Extent
ground condition 1931-01-01 2000-12-31
point of contact - pointOfContact
organisation Name  DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI > National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce
position Name Customer Engagement Branch
Contact information
Telephone
Voice 1-828-271-4800
Fax 1-828-271-4876
Address
151 Patton AvenueVeach-Baley Federal Building, Room 468, Asheville, NC, 28801-5001 Country USA
electronic Mail Address ncei.orders@noaa.gov
Linkage for online resource
name NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI)
URL: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov
protocol HTTPS
link function information
Description NCEI home page with information, data access and contact information.
target application profile  Web Browser
hoursOfService 8:00 - 6:00 Eastern
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Scope of quality information
scope level  dataset
Resource lineage description
Lineage statement

Scope of quality information
scope level  repository
Level Description
other component described  NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information
Resource lineage description

Resource distribution information

Distributor
distributor contact - distributor
organisation Name  DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI > National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce
position Name Customer Engagement Branch
Contact information
Telephone
Voice 1-828-271-4800
Fax 1-828-271-4876
Address
151 Patton AvenueVeach-Baley Federal Building, Room 468, Asheville, NC, 28801-5001 Country USA
electronic Mail Address ncei.orders@noaa.gov
Linkage for online resource
name NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI)
URL: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov
protocol HTTPS
link function information
Description NCEI home page with information, data access and contact information.
target application profile  Web Browser
hoursOfService 8:00 - 6:00 Eastern
Format
Format name XML
Format version 
Standard ordering process
fees In most cases, electronic downloads of the data are free, however fees may apply for data certifications, copies of analog materials, and data distribution on physical media.
Digital Transfer Options
transfer Size 1
Linkage for online resource
name Enhanced Hourly Wind Station Data for the Contiguous United States Landing Page
URL: https://data.nodc.noaa.gov/cgi-bin/iso?id=gov.noaa.ncdc:C00391
protocol HTTP
link function information
Description Dataset landing page with general information and access links for the dataset.
target application profile  Description
Distributor
distributor contact - distributor
organisation Name  DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI > National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce
position Name Customer Engagement Branch
Contact information
Telephone
Voice 1-828-271-4800
Fax 1-828-271-4876
Address
151 Patton AvenueVeach-Baley Federal Building, Room 468, Asheville, NC, 28801-5001 Country USA
electronic Mail Address ncei.orders@noaa.gov
Linkage for online resource
name NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI)
URL: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov
protocol HTTPS
link function information
Description NCEI home page with information, data access and contact information.
target application profile  Web Browser
hoursOfService 8:00 - 6:00 Eastern
Format
Format name ASCII
Format version 
Standard ordering process
fees In most cases, electronic downloads of the data are free, however fees may apply for data certifications, copies of analog materials, and data distribution on physical media.
Ordering Instructions  Data in this archival information package are not currently available for public download from NCEI. Please contact NCEI Information Services directly for access to these data.
Digital Transfer Options
transfer Size 
Linkage for online resource
name NCEI Customer Support
URL: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact
protocol HTTP
link function offlineAccess
Description Data in this archival information package are not currently available for public download from NCEI. Please contact NCEI Information Services directly for access to these data.
target application profile  Web Browser
Distributor
distributor contact - distributor
organisation Name  DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI > National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce
position Name Customer Engagement Branch
Contact information
Telephone
Voice 1-828-271-4800
Fax 1-828-271-4876
Address
151 Patton AvenueVeach-Baley Federal Building, Room 468, Asheville, NC, 28801-5001 Country USA
electronic Mail Address ncei.orders@noaa.gov
Linkage for online resource
name NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI)
URL: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov
protocol HTTPS
link function information
Description NCEI home page with information, data access and contact information.
target application profile  Web Browser
hoursOfService 8:00 - 6:00 Eastern
Format
Format name PDF
Format version 
Digital Transfer Options
transfer Size 
Linkage for online resource
name DATA DOCUMENTATION FOR DATA SET 6421 (DSI-6421): Enhanced hourly wind station data for the contiguous United States
URL: https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/documentlibrary/tddoc/td6421.pdf
protocol HTTP
link function information
Description Data documentation manual from December 12, 2002, published by the National Centers for Environmental Information.
target application profile  Web Browser

Metadata data stamp:  2017-04-24
Resource Maintenance Information
maintenance or update frequency:  asNeeded
notes: Bulk metadata change applied on 2017-04-24. See version control repository history for metadata change details.
Metadata contact - pointOfContact
organisation Name  DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI > National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce
position Name ISO 19115 Metadata Contact
Contact information
Telephone
Voice 1-828-271-4800
Fax 1-828-271-4876
Address
151 Patton AvenueVeach-Baley Federal Building, Room 468, Asheville, NC, 28801-5001 Country USA
electronic Mail Address ncei.orders@noaa.gov
Linkage for online resource
name NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI)
URL: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov
protocol HTTPS
link function information
Description NCEI home page with information, data access and contact information.
target application profile  Web Browser
hoursOfService 8:00 - 6:00 Eastern
Metadata scope code  dataset
Metadata language  eng; USA
Metadata character set encoding:   utf8
Metadata standard for this record:  ISO 19115-2 Geographic Information - Metadata - Part 2: Extensions for Imagery and Gridded Data
standard version:  ISO 19115-2:2009(E)
Metadata record identifier:  gov.noaa.ncdc:C00391

Metadata record format is ISO19139-2 XML (MI_Metadata)