Dataset Identification:

Resource Abstract:
This page contains NetCDF files of the Spring Leaf and Bloom Indices spanning 1880-2013. These files were created and are maintained by the USA National Phenology Network (<a href="http://www.usanpn.org/">www.usanpn.org</a>). The Extended Spring Indices are mathematical models that predict the "start of spring" (timing of leaf out or bloom for species active in early spring) at a particular location (Schwartz 1997, Schwartz et al. 2006, Schwartz et al. 2013). These models were constructed using historical observations of the timing of first leaf and first bloom in a cloned lilac cultivar (S. x chinensis 'Red Rothomagensis') and two cloned honeysuckle cultivars (Lonicera tatarica 'Arnold Red' and L. korolkowii 'Zabelii'). Primary inputs to the model are temperature and weather events, beginning January 1 of each year (Ault et al. 2015). The model output is the day of year that a particular location met the requirements of one of the Spring Index models (First Leaf or First Bloom). As the Extended Spring Index models are based on individual models for each of three calibration species, model output is available for each of these species individually, or as an average of the three species. The original Spring Indices (Schwartz 1997) included a chilling requirement. In a more recent version of the model (Schwartz et al. 2013), referred to as the Extended Spring Indices, the chilling requirement was excluded, allowing the index to be extended across the entire U.S. Spring index products in the USA National Phenology Network's gridded data product suite are based on the Extended Spring Indices.<br> This page also contains a vector file of continental-scale migratory bird flyways. This vector file was generated by merging a digital US flyway product (Ducks Unlimited, 2017) with digital boundaries of Canadian provinces (Natural Resources Canada, 2017) and Mexican states (US Geological Survey, 2017). We manually defined boundaries to create the four distinct continental flyways: Pacific, Central, Mississippi and Atlantic.<br> &nbsp;<br> <strong>References:</strong><br> Ducks Unlimited. DU Flyways [Internet]. 2005 [cited 23 Feb 2017]. Available: http://www.ducks.org/conservation/geographic-information-systems/gis-spatial-data-download/page2<br> <br> Natural Resources Canada. Free Data - GeoGratis [Internet]. 2017 [cited 1 Jul 2017]. Available: <a href="https://www.nrcan.gc.ca/earth-sciences/geography/topographic-information/free-data-geogratis/11042">https://www.nrcan.gc.ca/earth-sciences/geography/topographic-information/free-data-geogratis/11042</a><br> <br> Schwartz M. Spring index models: an approach to connecting satellite and surface phenology. In: Lieth H, Schwartz M, editors. Phenology of Seasonal Climates. Netherlands: Backhuys; 1997. pp. 2338.<br> <br> Schwartz MD, Ault TR, Betancourt JL. Spring onset variations and trends in the continental United States: past and regional assessment using temperature-based indices. Int J Climatol. 2013; 33: 29172922. doi:10.1002/joc.3625<br> <br> U.S. Geological Survey. Digital map of the state (political) boundaries of Mexico [Internet]. 2014 [cited 23 Feb 2017]. Available: https://catalog.data.gov/dataset/digital-map-of-the-state-political-boundaries-of-mexico<br> &nbsp;
Citation
Title Spring leaf and bloom index dates (1880-2013) and migratory bird flyways
Publication Date  Date   2018-09-04
Publication Date  Date   1879-12-31
Publication Date  Date   2013-12-31
Topic Category:  geoscientificInformation
Harvest Set Keywords
USGS Science Data Catalog (SDC)
Theme Keywords
phenology
ecology
thesaurus name >
Title USGS Thesaurus
revision  Date   2018-11-29
Place Keywords
United States
Canada
Mexico
thesaurus name >
Title Common geographic areas
revision  Date   2018-11-29
USGS Scientific Topic Keyword Keywords
Ecology
Theme keywords (theme):
thesaurus name >
Title Organization > GOVERNMENT AGENCIES-U.S. FEDERAL AGENCIES
publication  Date   2018-12-05
other Citation Details  Cinergi keyword enhanced.File generated at Wed Dec 05 04:33:58 UTC 2018
Theme keywords (theme):
thesaurus name >
Title Realm > Continental
publication  Date   2018-12-05
other Citation Details  Cinergi keyword enhanced.File generated at Wed Dec 05 04:33:58 UTC 2018
Theme keywords (theme):
thesaurus name >
Title Feature > Marine Feature
publication  Date   2018-12-05
other Citation Details  Cinergi keyword enhanced.File generated at Wed Dec 05 04:33:58 UTC 2018
Theme keywords (theme):
thesaurus name >
Title Resource Type > Repository
publication  Date   2018-12-05
other Citation Details  Cinergi keyword enhanced.File generated at Wed Dec 05 04:33:58 UTC 2018
Theme keywords (theme):
thesaurus name >
Title Material > Biological Material
publication  Date   2018-12-05
other Citation Details  Cinergi keyword enhanced.File generated at Wed Dec 05 04:33:58 UTC 2018
Theme keywords (theme):
thesaurus name >
Title Method > information processing
publication  Date   2018-12-05
other Citation Details  Cinergi keyword enhanced.File generated at Wed Dec 05 04:33:58 UTC 2018
Theme keywords (theme):
thesaurus name >
Title Property > Measure
publication  Date   2018-12-05
other Citation Details  Cinergi keyword enhanced.File generated at Wed Dec 05 04:33:58 UTC 2018
Theme keywords (theme):
thesaurus name >
Title Realm > Planetary Structure
publication  Date   2018-12-05
other Citation Details  Cinergi keyword enhanced.File generated at Wed Dec 05 04:33:58 UTC 2018
Theme keywords (theme):
thesaurus name >
Title Science Domain > Ecology
publication  Date   2018-12-05
other Citation Details  Cinergi keyword enhanced.File generated at Wed Dec 05 04:33:58 UTC 2018
Theme keywords (theme):
thesaurus name >
Title Activity > Observation
publication  Date   2018-12-05
other Citation Details  Cinergi keyword enhanced.File generated at Wed Dec 05 04:33:58 UTC 2018
purpose:
These datasets were compiled to evaluate changes in the start of spring onset at three spatial scales: the US National Wildlife Refuge System; the four major bird migratory flyways in North America; and the seasonal ranges (i.e., breeding and non-breeding grounds) of two migratory bird species, Blue-winged Warbler (Vermivora cyanoptera) and Whooping Crane (Grus americana) for the period 1901 to 2012
Resource language:  eng
Resource extent
Extent description
Canada
Geographic Extent
Geographic Bounding Box
westBoundLongitude  144.7788700000001
eastBoundLongitude  144.79887000000008
northBoundLatitude  13.469880000000055
southBoundLatitude  13.449880000000055
Resource extent
Extent description
Mississippi
Geographic Extent
Geographic Bounding Box
westBoundLongitude  27.900380000000037
eastBoundLongitude  27.910380000000035
northBoundLatitude  -26.09864999999996
southBoundLatitude  -26.108649999999958
Resource extent
Extent description
USA
Geographic Extent
Geographic Bounding Box
westBoundLongitude  -95.36168999999995
eastBoundLongitude  -95.35168999999996
northBoundLatitude  29.931910000000077
southBoundLatitude  29.92191000000008
Resource extent
Extent description
Atlantic, Iowa
Geographic Extent
Geographic Bounding Box
westBoundLongitude  -95.04573999999998
eastBoundLongitude  -94.98173999999999
northBoundLatitude  41.43600000000005
southBoundLatitude  41.37200000000006
Resource extent
Extent description
United States
Geographic Extent
Geographic Bounding Box
westBoundLongitude  -146.08761918999994
eastBoundLongitude  -52.74161918999994
northBoundLatitude  84.9
southBoundLatitude  -7.2742968439999345
Resource extent
Extent description
Mexico, Cuauht moc, Ciudad de M xico
Geographic Extent
Geographic Bounding Box
westBoundLongitude  -99.34614999999994
eastBoundLongitude  -98.92014999999995
northBoundLatitude  19.644940000000055
southBoundLatitude  19.218940000000053
Resource extent
Extent description
Pacific, Missouri
Geographic Extent
Geographic Bounding Box
westBoundLongitude  -90.77340999999997
eastBoundLongitude  -90.70940999999998
northBoundLatitude  38.515590000000046
southBoundLatitude  38.45159000000005
Resource extent
Extent description
North America
Geographic Extent
Geographic Bounding Box
westBoundLongitude  -162.84287999999998
eastBoundLongitude  -38.25087999999999
northBoundLatitude  84.9
southBoundLatitude  -16.22276999999992
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Resource distribution information

Distributor
distributor contact - distributor
organisation Name  U.S. Geological Survey - ScienceBase
Contact information
Telephone
Voice 18882758747
Address
electronic Mail Addresssciencebase@usgs.gov
Linkage for online resource
URL:https://www.sciencebase.gov
Distributor
distributor contact - distributor
organisation Name  U.S. Geological Survey - ScienceBase
Contact information
Telephone
Voice 18882758747
Address
electronic Mail Addresssciencebase@usgs.gov
Linkage for online resource
URL:https://www.sciencebase.gov
Digital Transfer Options
Linkage for online resource
name ScienceBase Item Summary Page
URL:https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/5b75d10ee4b0f5d5787fea6f
protocol WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link
link function information
Description Link to the ScienceBase Item Summary page for the item described by this metadata record
target application profile  Web Browser
Linkage for online resource
name Raster Digital Data Set Machine Accessible WMS Endpoint
URL:http://geoserver.usanpn.org/geoserver/wms?request=GetCapabilities
protocol WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link
link function information
Description File Access
target application profile  Web Browser
Linkage for online resource
name Download Attached Files
URL:https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/5b75d10ee4b0f5d5787fea6f
protocol WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link
link function information
Description Download Link
target application profile  Web Browser
Metadata data stamp:  2018-09-05T01:20:22Z
Metadata Constraints
Constraints
Use limitation statement:
none
Metadata contact - pointOfContact
organisation Name  National Phenology Network
Contact information
Address
Linkage for online resource
URL:http://www.usanpn.org/
Metadata contact - pointOfContact
individual Name Theresa Crimmins
Contact information
Address
electronic Mail Addresstheresa@usanpn.org
Linkage for online resource
URL:https://www.sciencebase.gov/directory/person/73925
Metadata contact - originator
individual Name Eric K Waller
position Name Volunteer
Contact information
Telephone
Voice 6503294733
Fax 6503294710
Address
345 Middlefield Road, Menlo Park, CA, 94025 Country US
electronic Mail Addressewaller@usgs.gov
Linkage for online resource
URL:https://www.sciencebase.gov/directory/person/70350
Metadata contact - metadataContact
individual Name Theresa Crimmins
Contact information
Address
electronic Mail Addresstheresa@usanpn.org
Linkage for online resource
URL:https://www.sciencebase.gov/directory/person/73925
Metadata contact - originator
individual Name Theresa Crimmins
Contact information
Address
electronic Mail Addresstheresa@usanpn.org
Linkage for online resource
URL:https://www.sciencebase.gov/directory/person/73925
Metadata contact - originator
individual Name Jake Weltzin
position Name Phenology Program Coordinator
Contact information
Telephone
Voice 5206263821
Fax 5206213816
Address
520 North Park Avenue, Tucson, AZ, 85719
electronic Mail Addressjweltzin@usgs.gov
Linkage for online resource
URL:https://www.sciencebase.gov/directory/person/11090
Metadata contact - pointOfContact
organisation Name  National Phenology Network
Contact information
Address
Linkage for online resource
URL:https://www.sciencebase.gov/directory/organization/24065
Metadata contact - pointOfContact
organisation Name  Ecosystems
Contact information
Address
Metadata contact - originator
organisation Name  Erin E. Posthumus
Contact information
Address
Metadata contact - originator
individual Name Jessica J Walker
position Name Research Geographer
Contact information
Telephone
Voice 5206705019
Fax 5206705113
Address
520 North Park Avenue, Tucson, AZ, 85719
electronic Mail Addressjjwalker@usgs.gov
Linkage for online resource
URL:https://www.sciencebase.gov/directory/person/66916
Metadata scope code  dataset
Metadata language  eng USA
Metadata character set encoding:   utf8
Metadata standard for this record:  ISO19115
standard version:  1.0
Metadata record identifier:  5b75d10ee4b0f5d5787fea6f
URI for dataset described: > https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/5b75d10ee4b0f5d5787fea6f

Metadata record format is ISO19139-2 XML (MI_Metadata)