Dataset Identification:
Resource Abstract:
- description: The objectives of the study summarized in this report are as follows: I. This study was conducted to determine
the effects of consumption of halogenated hydrocarbon compounds, primarily polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), contained in
Great Lakes fish by the domestic chicken (Gallus domesticus). In this article we report the results of feeding White Leghorn
hens for a period of 8 wk diets that contained 31-35% ocean fish and/or carp (Cyprinus carpio) from Saginaw Bay, Lake Huron,
Ml, which provided 0.3 (control), 0.8 (low-dose group), or 6.6 (high-dose group) mg PCB/kg, wet weight (ww). These concentrations
were analogous to 3.3, 26, or 59 pg 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) equivalents (TEQs)/g diet, ww, respectively.
There were no significant effects on feed consumption among the groups. An unexpectedly high incidence of fatty liver hemorrhagic
syndrome (FLHS) was observed in hens from the control (78% FLHS) and low dose (75% FLHS) groups when compared to the high-dose
group (15% FLHS). Birds in the control and low-dose groups had a significant increase in liver and body weights. Significant
decreases in egg production, weight, and fertility were immediate in all dose groups, with the effect being permanent in the
control and low-dose groups. Although the incidence of FLHS was an unexpected complication, the fact that there were no significant
effects on egg production, egg weights, or fertility in the high-dose group suggests that the no-observable-adverse-effect
concentration (NOAEC) for these parameters is in excess of 26 mg total weathered PCBs/kg egg, ww. This value was the average
concentration of PCBs in the high-dose group eggs during the last week of the study. II. Carp from Saginaw Bay, Lake Huron,
MI, was fed to White Leghorn chickens for a period of 8 wk. The diets contained 0.3 (control; 0% carp), 0.8 (3.4% carp), and
6.6 (35% carp) mg polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs)/kg diet, by wet weight (ww). These concentrations corresponded to 3.3,
26, and 59 pg 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) equivalents/g diet ww, respectively. Though the diets were not acutely
toxic to the adult laying hens, dose- and time-dependent responses were observed in the embryos and chicks. Toxicity was manifested
as a dose-dependent increase in embryo mortality and decreased hatching rates. Furthermore, embryos and chicks displayed various
deformities, including (1) head and neck edema and hemorrhage, (2) abdominal edema and hemorrhage, (3) foot and leg deformities,
(4) skull and brain deformities, (5) yolk-sac deformities, and (6) miscellaneous deformities. The types of deformities observed
were similar to those reported for embryos and chicks of colonial waterbirds in Saginaw Bay, as well as in controlled studies
where technical mixtures or individual congeners of polychlonnated diaromatic hydrocarbons (PCDAHs) were fed to chickens.
Increasing concentrations of carp also significantly affected the various organ weights in 18-d embryos and hatched chicks.
At 18 d of incubation, weights of the embryos' livers were directly proportional to the concentration of PCBs in the
diets. The weights of the spleens and bursae were inversely proportional to the dietary PCB concentration. After 3 additional
days of incubation, significant effects in body, brain, liver, heart, and bursa weights were observed in hatched chicks. The
concentrations of total PCBs, as well as 2,3,7,8-TCDD equivalents (TEQs) in the diets, were in the range of those that have
been shown to cause similar adverse effects in other species. This study has shown that fish, the primary food source of colonial
waterbirds in Saginaw Bay, are capable of causing adverse reproductive effects in a model avian species, the chicken. However,
due to differences in the relative potency to cause effects on different endpoints in different species, the results of this
study should not be used to predict the threshold for effects in other species.; abstract: The objectives of the study summarized
in this report are as follows: I. This study was conducted to determine the effects of consumption of halogenated hydrocarbon
compounds, primarily polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), contained in Great Lakes fish by the domestic chicken (Gallus domesticus).
In this article we report the results of feeding White Leghorn hens for a period of 8 wk diets that contained 31-35% ocean
fish and/or carp (Cyprinus carpio) from Saginaw Bay, Lake Huron, Ml, which provided 0.3 (control), 0.8 (low-dose group), or
6.6 (high-dose group) mg PCB/kg, wet weight (ww). These concentrations were analogous to 3.3, 26, or 59 pg 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin
(TCDD) equivalents (TEQs)/g diet, ww, respectively. There were no significant effects on feed consumption among the groups.
An unexpectedly high incidence of fatty liver hemorrhagic syndrome (FLHS) was observed in hens from the control (78% FLHS)
and low dose (75% FLHS) groups when compared to the high-dose group (15% FLHS). Birds in the control and low-dose groups had
a significant increase in liver and body weights. Significant decreases in egg production, weight, and fertility were immediate
in all dose groups, with the effect being permanent in the control and low-dose groups. Although the incidence of FLHS was
an unexpected complication, the fact that there were no significant effects on egg production, egg weights, or fertility in
the high-dose group suggests that the no-observable-adverse-effect concentration (NOAEC) for these parameters is in excess
of 26 mg total weathered PCBs/kg egg, ww. This value was the average concentration of PCBs in the high-dose group eggs during
the last week of the study. II. Carp from Saginaw Bay, Lake Huron, MI, was fed to White Leghorn chickens for a period of 8
wk. The diets contained 0.3 (control; 0% carp), 0.8 (3.4% carp), and 6.6 (35% carp) mg polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs)/kg
diet, by wet weight (ww). These concentrations corresponded to 3.3, 26, and 59 pg 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD)
equivalents/g diet ww, respectively. Though the diets were not acutely toxic to the adult laying hens, dose- and time-dependent
responses were observed in the embryos and chicks. Toxicity was manifested as a dose-dependent increase in embryo mortality
and decreased hatching rates. Furthermore, embryos and chicks displayed various deformities, including (1) head and neck edema
and hemorrhage, (2) abdominal edema and hemorrhage, (3) foot and leg deformities, (4) skull and brain deformities, (5) yolk-sac
deformities, and (6) miscellaneous deformities. The types of deformities observed were similar to those reported for embryos
and chicks of colonial waterbirds in Saginaw Bay, as well as in controlled studies where technical mixtures or individual
congeners of polychlonnated diaromatic hydrocarbons (PCDAHs) were fed to chickens. Increasing concentrations of carp also
significantly affected the various organ weights in 18-d embryos and hatched chicks. At 18 d of incubation, weights of the
embryos' livers were directly proportional to the concentration of PCBs in the diets. The weights of the spleens and
bursae were inversely proportional to the dietary PCB concentration. After 3 additional days of incubation, significant effects
in body, brain, liver, heart, and bursa weights were observed in hatched chicks. The concentrations of total PCBs, as well
as 2,3,7,8-TCDD equivalents (TEQs) in the diets, were in the range of those that have been shown to cause similar adverse
effects in other species. This study has shown that fish, the primary food source of colonial waterbirds in Saginaw Bay, are
capable of causing adverse reproductive effects in a model avian species, the chicken. However, due to differences in the
relative potency to cause effects on different endpoints in different species, the results of this study should not be used
to predict the threshold for effects in other species.
Citation
- Title Effects induced by feeding organochlorine-contaminated carp from Saginaw Bay, Lake Huron, to laying white leghorn hens: I.
Effects on health of adult hens, egg production, and fertility: II. Embryotoxic and teratogenic effects.
-
- creation Date
2018-05-11T14:37:13.093632
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2018-08-06T23:27:51Z
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- notes: This metadata record was generated by an xslt transformation from a dc metadata record; Transform by Stephen M. Richard, based
on a transform by Damian Ulbricht. Run on 2018-08-06T23:27:51Z
Metadata contact
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pointOfContact
- organisation Name
CINERGI Metadata catalog
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- electronic Mail Address cinergi@sdsc.edu
Metadata language
eng
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Metadata standard for this record:
ISO 19139 Geographic Information - Metadata - Implementation Specification
standard version:
2007
Metadata record identifier:
urn:dciso:metadataabout:96c8bb30-cbc8-4054-a6fe-2c147c69dfd5
Metadata record format is ISO19139 XML (MD_Metadata)