We summarize available information on Pacific walrus haulouts from available reports, interviews with coastal residents and
aviators, and personal observations of the authors. We provide this in the form of a georeferenced database that may be queried
and displayed with standard geographic information system and database management software. The database contains 150 records
of Pacific walrus haulouts, with a summary of basic characteristics on maximum haulout size, age-sex composition, season of
use, and decade of most recent use. Citations to reports are provided as a bibliographic database.
Citation
Title Pacific Walrus Coastal Haulout Database 1852-2016
publication Date
2016-07-01
Edition 1
presentationForm
DIGITAL DATA
cited responsible party
-
publisher
organisation Name
U.S. Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center
Contact information
Address
, Anchorage, Alaska
cited responsible party
-
originator
organisation Name
Fischbach, A.S.
cited responsible party
-
originator
organisation Name
Kochnev A.A.
cited responsible party
-
originator
organisation Name
Garlich-Miller, J.M.
cited responsible party
-
originator
organisation Name
Jay, C.V
cited responsible party
-
originator
organisation Name
USGS Alaska Science Center Walrus Research Program
These data were compiled to provide resource managers with a consolidated and comprehensive source of information about location,
history and summary characteristics of reported Pacific walrus haulouts throughout their range.
Resource language:
eng; USA
Resource progress code:
completed
Resource Maintenance Information
maintenance or update frequency:
notPlanned
Constraints on resource usage:
Constraints
Use limitation statement:
Unless otherwise stated, all data, metadata and related materials are considered to satisfy the quality standards relative
to the purpose for which the data were collected. Although these data and associated metadata have been reviewed for accuracy
and completeness and approved for release by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding
the display or utility of the data on any other system or for general or scientific purposes, nor shall the act of distribution
constitute any such warranty.
Constraints on resource usage:
Legal Constraints
use constraint:
otherRestrictions
Other constraints
Use Constraints: It is requested that the authors and the USGS Alaska Science Center be cited for any subsequent publications
that reference this dataset. It is strongly recommended that careful attention be paid to the contents of the metadata file
associated with these data to evaluate data set limitations, restrictions or intended use. It is the responsibility of the
user to use the data appropriately and consistent with the limitations of the data in general and these data in particular.
Constraints on resource usage:
Legal Constraints
Access Constraints
otherRestrictions
Other constraints
Access Constraints: None
Spatial representation type code:
vector
Resource extent
Geographic Extent
Geographic Bounding Box
westBoundLongitude
159.908022
eastBoundLongitude
-147.9605
northBoundLatitude
71.602669
southBoundLatitude
53.26667
Temporal Extent
1852-01-01
2016-01-01
Additional information on resource:
The database consists of a set of interrelated digital files, including the geographic representation of the haulouts and
a bibliographic database of the reports cited for each haulout record. The georeferenced component of the database is provided
in two digitally accessible forms: one intended for display and query in a Geographic Information System (GIS), and another
for display and query in a virtual globe. The form of the database intended for display and query in a GIS is provided in
two file formats: a tabular comma separated value (CSV) file (PacificWalrusHauloutDatabase.csv) and a shape file (PacificWalrusHauloutsDatabaseLinearFeatures.shp).
The CSV file is encoded using the UTF-8 character encoding and can include all fields of the database, including the Cyrillic
script field containing Russian language names of the haulouts. The shape file contains a geographic representation of spatial
lines representing haulouts that are depicted as linear features. Linear features contained in the shape file may be linked
back to the full record of the haulout contained within the CSV file based on a key field. The form of the database intended
for display and query in a virtual globe is provided as a single keyhole markup language (KML) file (PacificWalrusHauloutDatabase.kml)
that contains all points and linear features, including the Cyrillic script field with the Russian language names of the haulouts.
The KML file can be viewed in a virtual globe such as Google Earth (http://www.google.com/earth/), Marble (http://marble.kde.org/),
or World Wind (http://worldwind.arc.nasa.gov/java/). The bibliographic component of the database (the file PacificWalrusHauloutDatabaseBibliography_DS.RIS)
provides a listing of all reports cited in the database. This machine readable bibliographic data file is a complete copy
of the citations listed in appendix A of the summary report.
Credits:
Nikita Platonov, Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences
point of contact
-
pointOfContact
organisation Name
U.S. Geological Survey Alaska Science Center
Contact information
Telephone
Voice (907) 786-7000
Address
4210 University Drive, Anchorage, AK, 99508
Country USA
descriptor Primary key uniquely identifying each haulout record with an integer value that may be used to link this record to linear
features within a GIS context.
sequence Identifier
name PK
Band
descriptor Primary name used to reference the haulout in English language reports.
sequence Identifier
name Name
Band
descriptor Alternate names used to reference the haulout in English language reports. Each alternative name is separated by a semi-colon.
sequence Identifier
name AlternateName
Band
descriptor Primary names used to reference the haulout in Russian language reports.
sequence Identifier
name RU_Name
Band
descriptor Abbreviation of the country on whose shores the haulout is found.
sequence Identifier
name Country
Band
descriptor Name of the sea on which shores the haulout is found.
sequence Identifier
name Sea
Band
descriptor Name of the region in which the haulout is found.
sequence Identifier
name Region
Band
descriptor Longitude expressed in decimal degrees east of Greenwich
sequence Identifier
name Lon
Band
descriptor Latitude expressed in decimal degrees north of the equator
sequence Identifier
name Lat
Band
descriptor Notes describing the haulout location and history of use with citations to original reports, as well as personal communications
and observations of the authors
sequence Identifier
name Notes
Band
descriptor Order of magnitude of the maximum number of walruses reported (0 to 5 on the log10 scale, indicating the range from less than
10 to over 100,000)
sequence Identifier
name OrderOfLargestUse
Band
descriptor Order of magnitude of the maximum number of walruses reported (0 to 5 on the log10 scale, indicating the range from less than
10 to over 100,000)
sequence Identifier
name LargestUse
Band
descriptor The decade of the most recent reported haulout use
sequence Identifier
name DecadeOfMostRecentReportedUse
Band
descriptor The reported composition of walruses using the haulout.
sequence Identifier
name HerdCompositions
Band
descriptor Haulout use reported during the months of January through March
sequence Identifier
name Use_in_Jan_Feb_Mar
Band
descriptor Haulout use reported during the months of April through June
sequence Identifier
name Use_in_Apr_May_Jun
Band
descriptor Haulout use reported during the months of July through September
sequence Identifier
name Use_in_Jul_Aug_Sep
Band
descriptor Haulout use reported during the months of October through December
sequence Identifier
name Use_in_Oct_Nov_Dec
Band
descriptor Is this haulout described with a linear feature? Some have repeatedly formed along an extended stretch of coastline and are
best presented as a linear geographic feature in addition to a point feature.
sequence Identifier
name LinearFeature
Band
descriptor Internal feature number.
sequence Identifier
name FID
Band
descriptor Feature geometry.
sequence Identifier
name Shape
Band
descriptor Integer identifier used to link linear features to tabular data in the PacificWalrusHauloutDatabase.csv table.
sequence Identifier
name Id
Band
descriptor Primary key uniquely identifying each haulout record with an integer value that may be used to link this record to linear
features within a GIS context.
sequence Identifier
name PK
Band
descriptor Primary name used to reference the haulout in English language reports.
sequence Identifier
name Name
Band
descriptor Alternate names used to reference the haulout in English language reports. Each alternative name is separated by a semi-colon.
sequence Identifier
name AlternateName
Band
descriptor Primary names used to reference the haulout in Russian language reports.
sequence Identifier
name
Band
descriptor Abbreviation of the country on whose shores the haulout is found.
sequence Identifier
name Country
Band
descriptor Name of the sea on which shores the haulout is found.
sequence Identifier
name Sea
Band
descriptor Name of the region in which the haulout is found.
sequence Identifier
name Region
Band
descriptor Longitude expressed in decimal degrees east of Greenwich
sequence Identifier
name Lon
Band
descriptor Latitude expressed in decimal degrees north of the equator
sequence Identifier
name Lat
Band
descriptor Notes describing the haulout location and history of use with citations to original reports, as well as personal communications
and observations of the authors
sequence Identifier
name Notes
Band
descriptor Order of magnitude of the maximum number of walruses reported (0 to 5 on the log10 scale, indicating the range from less than
10 to over 100,000)
sequence Identifier
name OrderOfLargestUse
Band
descriptor Order of magnitude of the maximum number of walruses reported (0 to 5 on the log10 scale, indicating the range from less than
10 to over 100,000)
sequence Identifier
name LargestUse
Band
descriptor The decade of the most recent reported haulout use
sequence Identifier
name DecadeOfMostRecentReportedUse
Band
descriptor The reported composition of walruses using the haulout
sequence Identifier
name HerdCompositions
Band
descriptor Haulout use reported during the months of January through March
sequence Identifier
name Use_in_Jan_Feb_Mar
Band
descriptor Haulout use reported during the months of April through June
sequence Identifier
name Use_in_Apr_May_Jun
Band
descriptor Haulout use reported during the months of July through September
sequence Identifier
name Use_in_Jul_Aug_Sep
Band
descriptor Haulout use reported during the months of October through December
descriptor Primary key uniquely identifying each haulout record with an integer value that may be used to link this record to linear
features within a GIS context.
sequence Identifier
name PK
Band
descriptor Primary name used to reference the haulout in English language reports.
sequence Identifier
name Name
Band
descriptor Alternate names used to reference the haulout in English language reports. Each alternative name is separated by a semi-colon.
sequence Identifier
name AlternateName
Band
descriptor Primary names used to reference the haulout in Russian language reports.
sequence Identifier
name RU_Name
Band
descriptor Abbreviation of the country on whose shores the haulout is found.
sequence Identifier
name Country
Band
descriptor Name of the sea on which shores the haulout is found.
sequence Identifier
name Sea
Band
descriptor Name of the region in which the haulout is found.
sequence Identifier
name Region
Band
descriptor Longitude expressed in decimal degrees east of Greenwich
sequence Identifier
name Lon
Band
descriptor Latitude expressed in decimal degrees north of the equator
sequence Identifier
name Lat
Band
descriptor Notes describing the haulout location and history of use with citations to original reports, as well as personal communications
and observations of the authors
sequence Identifier
name Notes
Band
descriptor Order of magnitude of the maximum number of walruses reported (0 to 5 on the log10 scale, indicating the range from less than
10 to over 100,000)
sequence Identifier
name OrderOfLargestUse
Band
descriptor Order of magnitude of the maximum number of walruses reported (0 to 5 on the log10 scale, indicating the range from less than
10 to over 100,000)
sequence Identifier
name LargestUse
Band
descriptor The decade of the most recent reported haulout use
sequence Identifier
name DecadeOfMostRecentReportedUse
Band
descriptor The reported composition of walruses using the haulout.
sequence Identifier
name HerdCompositions
Band
descriptor Haulout use reported during the months of January through March
sequence Identifier
name Use_in_Jan_Feb_Mar
Band
descriptor Haulout use reported during the months of April through June
sequence Identifier
name Use_in_Apr_May_Jun
Band
descriptor Haulout use reported during the months of July through September
sequence Identifier
name Use_in_Jul_Aug_Sep
Band
descriptor Haulout use reported during the months of October through December
sequence Identifier
name Use_in_Oct_Nov_Dec
Band
descriptor Is this haulout described with a linear feature? Some have repeatedly formed along an extended stretch of coastline and are
best presented as a linear geographic feature in addition to a point feature.
sequence Identifier
name LinearFeature
Band
descriptor Internal feature number.
sequence Identifier
name FID
Band
descriptor Feature geometry.
sequence Identifier
name Shape
Band
descriptor Integer identifier used to link linear features to tabular data in the PacificWalrusHauloutDatabase.csv table.
sequence Identifier
name Id
Band
descriptor Primary key uniquely identifying each haulout record with an integer value that may be used to link this record to linear
features within a GIS context.
sequence Identifier
name PK
Band
descriptor Primary name used to reference the haulout in English language reports.
sequence Identifier
name Name
Band
descriptor Alternate names used to reference the haulout in English language reports. Each alternative name is separated by a semi-colon.
sequence Identifier
name AlternateName
Band
descriptor Primary names used to reference the haulout in Russian language reports.
sequence Identifier
name
Band
descriptor Abbreviation of the country on whose shores the haulout is found.
sequence Identifier
name Country
Band
descriptor Name of the sea on which shores the haulout is found.
sequence Identifier
name Sea
Band
descriptor Name of the region in which the haulout is found.
sequence Identifier
name Region
Band
descriptor Longitude expressed in decimal degrees east of Greenwich
sequence Identifier
name Lon
Band
descriptor Latitude expressed in decimal degrees north of the equator
sequence Identifier
name Lat
Band
descriptor Notes describing the haulout location and history of use with citations to original reports, as well as personal communications
and observations of the authors
sequence Identifier
name Notes
Band
descriptor Order of magnitude of the maximum number of walruses reported (0 to 5 on the log10 scale, indicating the range from less than
10 to over 100,000)
sequence Identifier
name OrderOfLargestUse
Band
descriptor Order of magnitude of the maximum number of walruses reported (0 to 5 on the log10 scale, indicating the range from less than
10 to over 100,000)
sequence Identifier
name LargestUse
Band
descriptor The decade of the most recent reported haulout use
sequence Identifier
name DecadeOfMostRecentReportedUse
Band
descriptor The reported composition of walruses using the haulout
sequence Identifier
name HerdCompositions
Band
descriptor Haulout use reported during the months of January through March
sequence Identifier
name Use_in_Jan_Feb_Mar
Band
descriptor Haulout use reported during the months of April through June
sequence Identifier
name Use_in_Apr_May_Jun
Band
descriptor Haulout use reported during the months of July through September
sequence Identifier
name Use_in_Jul_Aug_Sep
Band
descriptor Haulout use reported during the months of October through December
descriptor Primary key uniquely identifying each haulout record with an integer value that may be used to link this record to linear
features within a GIS context.
sequence Identifier
name PK
Band
descriptor Primary name used to reference the haulout in English language reports.
sequence Identifier
name Name
Band
descriptor Alternate names used to reference the haulout in English language reports. Each alternative name is separated by a semi-colon.
sequence Identifier
name AlternateName
Band
descriptor Primary names used to reference the haulout in Russian language reports.
sequence Identifier
name RU_Name
Band
descriptor Abbreviation of the country on whose shores the haulout is found.
sequence Identifier
name Country
Band
descriptor Name of the sea on which shores the haulout is found.
sequence Identifier
name Sea
Band
descriptor Name of the region in which the haulout is found.
sequence Identifier
name Region
Band
descriptor Longitude expressed in decimal degrees east of Greenwich
sequence Identifier
name Lon
Band
descriptor Latitude expressed in decimal degrees north of the equator
sequence Identifier
name Lat
Band
descriptor Notes describing the haulout location and history of use with citations to original reports, as well as personal communications
and observations of the authors
sequence Identifier
name Notes
Band
descriptor Order of magnitude of the maximum number of walruses reported (0 to 5 on the log10 scale, indicating the range from less than
10 to over 100,000)
sequence Identifier
name OrderOfLargestUse
Band
descriptor Order of magnitude of the maximum number of walruses reported (0 to 5 on the log10 scale, indicating the range from less than
10 to over 100,000)
sequence Identifier
name LargestUse
Band
descriptor The decade of the most recent reported haulout use
sequence Identifier
name DecadeOfMostRecentReportedUse
Band
descriptor The reported composition of walruses using the haulout.
sequence Identifier
name HerdCompositions
Band
descriptor Haulout use reported during the months of January through March
sequence Identifier
name Use_in_Jan_Feb_Mar
Band
descriptor Haulout use reported during the months of April through June
sequence Identifier
name Use_in_Apr_May_Jun
Band
descriptor Haulout use reported during the months of July through September
sequence Identifier
name Use_in_Jul_Aug_Sep
Band
descriptor Haulout use reported during the months of October through December
sequence Identifier
name Use_in_Oct_Nov_Dec
Band
descriptor Is this haulout described with a linear feature? Some have repeatedly formed along an extended stretch of coastline and are
best presented as a linear geographic feature in addition to a point feature.
sequence Identifier
name LinearFeature
Band
descriptor Internal feature number.
sequence Identifier
name FID
Band
descriptor Feature geometry.
sequence Identifier
name Shape
Band
descriptor Integer identifier used to link linear features to tabular data in the PacificWalrusHauloutDatabase.csv table.
sequence Identifier
name Id
Band
descriptor Primary key uniquely identifying each haulout record with an integer value that may be used to link this record to linear
features within a GIS context.
sequence Identifier
name PK
Band
descriptor Primary name used to reference the haulout in English language reports.
sequence Identifier
name Name
Band
descriptor Alternate names used to reference the haulout in English language reports. Each alternative name is separated by a semi-colon.
sequence Identifier
name AlternateName
Band
descriptor Primary names used to reference the haulout in Russian language reports.
sequence Identifier
name
Band
descriptor Abbreviation of the country on whose shores the haulout is found.
sequence Identifier
name Country
Band
descriptor Name of the sea on which shores the haulout is found.
sequence Identifier
name Sea
Band
descriptor Name of the region in which the haulout is found.
sequence Identifier
name Region
Band
descriptor Longitude expressed in decimal degrees east of Greenwich
sequence Identifier
name Lon
Band
descriptor Latitude expressed in decimal degrees north of the equator
sequence Identifier
name Lat
Band
descriptor Notes describing the haulout location and history of use with citations to original reports, as well as personal communications
and observations of the authors
sequence Identifier
name Notes
Band
descriptor Order of magnitude of the maximum number of walruses reported (0 to 5 on the log10 scale, indicating the range from less than
10 to over 100,000)
sequence Identifier
name OrderOfLargestUse
Band
descriptor Order of magnitude of the maximum number of walruses reported (0 to 5 on the log10 scale, indicating the range from less than
10 to over 100,000)
sequence Identifier
name LargestUse
Band
descriptor The decade of the most recent reported haulout use
sequence Identifier
name DecadeOfMostRecentReportedUse
Band
descriptor The reported composition of walruses using the haulout
sequence Identifier
name HerdCompositions
Band
descriptor Haulout use reported during the months of January through March
sequence Identifier
name Use_in_Jan_Feb_Mar
Band
descriptor Haulout use reported during the months of April through June
sequence Identifier
name Use_in_Apr_May_Jun
Band
descriptor Haulout use reported during the months of July through September
sequence Identifier
name Use_in_Jul_Aug_Sep
Band
descriptor Haulout use reported during the months of October through December
descriptor Primary key uniquely identifying each haulout record with an integer value that may be used to link this record to linear
features within a GIS context.
sequence Identifier
name PK
Band
descriptor Primary name used to reference the haulout in English language reports.
sequence Identifier
name Name
Band
descriptor Alternate names used to reference the haulout in English language reports. Each alternative name is separated by a semi-colon.
sequence Identifier
name AlternateName
Band
descriptor Primary names used to reference the haulout in Russian language reports.
sequence Identifier
name RU_Name
Band
descriptor Abbreviation of the country on whose shores the haulout is found.
sequence Identifier
name Country
Band
descriptor Name of the sea on which shores the haulout is found.
sequence Identifier
name Sea
Band
descriptor Name of the region in which the haulout is found.
sequence Identifier
name Region
Band
descriptor Longitude expressed in decimal degrees east of Greenwich
sequence Identifier
name Lon
Band
descriptor Latitude expressed in decimal degrees north of the equator
sequence Identifier
name Lat
Band
descriptor Notes describing the haulout location and history of use with citations to original reports, as well as personal communications
and observations of the authors
sequence Identifier
name Notes
Band
descriptor Order of magnitude of the maximum number of walruses reported (0 to 5 on the log10 scale, indicating the range from less than
10 to over 100,000)
sequence Identifier
name OrderOfLargestUse
Band
descriptor Order of magnitude of the maximum number of walruses reported (0 to 5 on the log10 scale, indicating the range from less than
10 to over 100,000)
sequence Identifier
name LargestUse
Band
descriptor The decade of the most recent reported haulout use
sequence Identifier
name DecadeOfMostRecentReportedUse
Band
descriptor The reported composition of walruses using the haulout.
sequence Identifier
name HerdCompositions
Band
descriptor Haulout use reported during the months of January through March
sequence Identifier
name Use_in_Jan_Feb_Mar
Band
descriptor Haulout use reported during the months of April through June
sequence Identifier
name Use_in_Apr_May_Jun
Band
descriptor Haulout use reported during the months of July through September
sequence Identifier
name Use_in_Jul_Aug_Sep
Band
descriptor Haulout use reported during the months of October through December
sequence Identifier
name Use_in_Oct_Nov_Dec
Band
descriptor Is this haulout described with a linear feature? Some have repeatedly formed along an extended stretch of coastline and are
best presented as a linear geographic feature in addition to a point feature.
sequence Identifier
name LinearFeature
Band
descriptor Internal feature number.
sequence Identifier
name FID
Band
descriptor Feature geometry.
sequence Identifier
name Shape
Band
descriptor Integer identifier used to link linear features to tabular data in the PacificWalrusHauloutDatabase.csv table.
sequence Identifier
name Id
Band
descriptor Primary key uniquely identifying each haulout record with an integer value that may be used to link this record to linear
features within a GIS context.
sequence Identifier
name PK
Band
descriptor Primary name used to reference the haulout in English language reports.
sequence Identifier
name Name
Band
descriptor Alternate names used to reference the haulout in English language reports. Each alternative name is separated by a semi-colon.
sequence Identifier
name AlternateName
Band
descriptor Primary names used to reference the haulout in Russian language reports.
sequence Identifier
name
Band
descriptor Abbreviation of the country on whose shores the haulout is found.
sequence Identifier
name Country
Band
descriptor Name of the sea on which shores the haulout is found.
sequence Identifier
name Sea
Band
descriptor Name of the region in which the haulout is found.
sequence Identifier
name Region
Band
descriptor Longitude expressed in decimal degrees east of Greenwich
sequence Identifier
name Lon
Band
descriptor Latitude expressed in decimal degrees north of the equator
sequence Identifier
name Lat
Band
descriptor Notes describing the haulout location and history of use with citations to original reports, as well as personal communications
and observations of the authors
sequence Identifier
name Notes
Band
descriptor Order of magnitude of the maximum number of walruses reported (0 to 5 on the log10 scale, indicating the range from less than
10 to over 100,000)
sequence Identifier
name OrderOfLargestUse
Band
descriptor Order of magnitude of the maximum number of walruses reported (0 to 5 on the log10 scale, indicating the range from less than
10 to over 100,000)
sequence Identifier
name LargestUse
Band
descriptor The decade of the most recent reported haulout use
sequence Identifier
name DecadeOfMostRecentReportedUse
Band
descriptor The reported composition of walruses using the haulout
sequence Identifier
name HerdCompositions
Band
descriptor Haulout use reported during the months of January through March
sequence Identifier
name Use_in_Jan_Feb_Mar
Band
descriptor Haulout use reported during the months of April through June
sequence Identifier
name Use_in_Apr_May_Jun
Band
descriptor Haulout use reported during the months of July through September
sequence Identifier
name Use_in_Jul_Aug_Sep
Band
descriptor Haulout use reported during the months of October through December
name Of Measure Horizontal Positional Accuracy Report
evaluation Method Description
We assigned a geographic location to each haulout based on available data sources, and adjusted the location based on publicly
available geo-referenced imagery (Digital Globe, Longmont, Colorado, USA, viewed through the virtual digital globe geographical
information system Google Earth TM ). Spatial accuracy varies among the haulout records, but is generally within 5 kilometers
of the actual reported haulout location.
Completeness Commission
evaluation Method Description
Pacific walrus haulouts information was summarized from available reports, interviews with coastal residents and aviators,
and personal observations of the authors. This dataset contains a summary of basic characteristics on maximum haulout size,
age-sex composition, season of use, and decade of most recent use.
Completeness Omission
evaluation Method Description
Pacific walrus haulouts information was summarized from available reports, interviews with coastal residents and aviators,
and personal observations of the authors. This dataset contains a summary of basic characteristics on maximum haulout size,
age-sex composition, season of use, and decade of most recent use.
ConceptualConsistency
measure Description
Please refer to the Open File Report (Pacific Walrus Coastal Haulout Database, 1852 2016 Background Report referenced in the
cross-reference section of this metadata report) for details on the data collection and compilation effort.
notes: This metadata was automatically generated from the FGDC Biological Data Profile of the Content Standard for Digital Geospatial
Metadata standard (version FGDC-STD-001.1-1999) using the 2012-06-20T17:21:00 version of the FGDC RSE to ISO 19115-2 transform.
Metadata contact
-
pointOfContact
organisation Name
USGS Alaska Science Center
Contact information
Telephone
Voice (907) 786-7000
Address
4210 University Drive, Anchorage, AK, 99508
Country United States of America